Early the next morning the Boers saw Colley occupying the summit, and started to ascend the hill. The Boer force is the classic example of a citizen army, because virtually the entire white male population of the republics between the ages of sixteen and 60 was conscriptable for unpaid military service.Growing up on the farms with a rifle in their hands made the burghers generally good marksmen, with the ability to judge distance accurately. The ridge, known locally as the "This article presents a biased view of the conflict. This became the African National Congress in 1923. The forts had suffered only light casualties as an outcome of sporadic engagements, except at Potchefstroom, where twenty-four were killed, and seventeen at Pretoria, in each case resulting from occasional raids on Boer positions. British expansion into southern Africa was fueled by three prime factors: first, the desire to control the trade routes to India that passed around the Cape; second, the discovery in 1868 of huge mineral deposits of diamonds around Kimberley on the joint borders of the South African Republic (called the Transvaal by the British), Orange Free State and the Cape Colony, and thereafter in 1886 in the Transvaal of a The British attempts in 1880 to annex the Transvaal were their biggest incursions into southern Africa, but there were others. In particular intensifying struggles between the Boers and the There were also serious tensions between the Transvaal Republic and the Zulus led by King Shepstone, in his capacity as British governor of Natal, had his own concerns about the expansion of the Zulu army under King Cetshwayo and the potential threat to Natal, especially given the acquisition of muskets and other more modern weapons by the Zulus. Many of the British were killed or wounded, some falling to their deaths down the mountain. The First Boer War (Dutch language:Eerste Boerenoorlog, literally'First Farmer's War') (Afrikaans language:Eerste Vryheidsoorlog, literally'First Freedom War') also known as the First Anglo-Boer War or the Transvaal War, was fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881. When in 1886 a second major mineral find was made at an outcrop on a large ridge some thirty miles south of the Boer capital at Pretoria, it reignited British imperial interests. The Transvaal declare independence from the United Kingdom and take action at Bronkhorstspruit against a British column of the 94th Foot, starting First Boer War. This marked the greatest diversion from the Boer War experience and the flank attacks of Lord Roberts.Fransjohan Pretorius is professor of history at the University of Pretoria in South Africa. The formal abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1834Indeed, the British subsequently acknowledged two new Boer Republics in a pair of treaties: the There were other more pressing concerns for the Boer Republics. In the space of ten days he had lost one quarter of his field force, either dead or wounded. They were farmers and ranchers who believed they were among God’s most favored elect. The First Boer War, 1880-1881 by John Laband (Pearson Longman, 2005) Volunteers on the Veld. Three prime factors fuelled British expansion into Southern Africa:The British annexation of the Transvaal in 1877 represented one of their biggest incursions into Southern Africa, but other expansions also occurred. General Colley had sought refuge with the Natal Field Force at On 14 February hostilities were suspended, awaiting the outcome of peace negotiations initiated by an offer from On 26 February 1881, Colley led a night march of some 360 men to the top of Majuba Hill that overlooked the main Boer position. The First Boer War (Afrikaans: Eerste Vryheidsoorlog, literally "First Freedom War"), 1880-1881, also known as the First Anglo-Boer War, the Transvaal War or the Transvaal Rebellion, was a war fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 between the United Kingdom and Boers of the Transvaal (as the South African Republic was known while under British administration).
The Boers protested and in 1880 revolted.

His book, 'Life on Commando during the Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902', was runner-up for the Sunday Times Alan Paton Award.

Eventually 28,000 Boer women and children and at least 20,000 black people died in the camps. The Trekboers functioned as pioneers, opening up the interior for those who followed, and the British gradually extended their control outwards from the Cape along the coast toward the east, eventually annexing The Trekboers were farmers, gradually extending their range and territory with no overall agenda. All Boer fronts collapsed.The next six months was a period of great confusion for the Boers. Like the Boers, British soldiers were equipped with breech-loading rifles (the Martini-Henry), but they were (unlike the Boers) professionals, and the British Army had previously fought campaigns in difficult terrain and against an elusive enemy such as the tribesmen of the Northern Territories in modern-day Colley's decision to initiate the attack at Majuba Hill when truce discussions were already underway appears to have been foolhardy, particularly as there was limited strategic value. First Boer War. They housed some 2,000 troops between them, including irregulars with as few as fifty soldiers at The three main engagements of the war were all within about sixteen miles of each other, centred on the Battles of In a display of diplomacy before the beginning of the Battle, British commander Without waiting for a reply, Colley led his Natal Field Force – consisting of 1,400 men, an 80-strong Naval brigade, artillery and Gatling guns – to a strategic pass in the hills on the Natal-Transvaal border called At the battle of Schuinshoogte (also known as battle of the carrots) on 8 February 1881, another British force barely escaped destruction.

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